subroutine AxessetInit
    !
    ! axesset モジュールの初期化を行います. 
    ! NAMELIST#axesset_nml の読み込みはこの手続きで行われます. 
    !
    ! "axesset" module is initialized. 
    ! NAMELIST#axesset_nml is loaded in this procedure. 
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: PI, CpDry, GasRDry  ! $ R $ [J kg-1 K-1]. 
                                  ! 乾燥大気の気体定数. 
                                  ! Gas constant of air

#ifdef LIB_MPI
    ! MPI 版 SPMODEL ライブラリ, 球面上の問題を球面調和函数変換により解く(多層対応) 
    ! SPMODEL library MPI version, problems on sphere are solved with spherical harmonics (multi layer is supported)
    !
    use wa_mpi_module, only: wa_mpi_Initial, spml_jc           => jc, spml_x_Lon        => x_Lon, spml_y_Lat        => v_Lat, spml_y_Lat_wholeMPI => y_Lat, spml_x_Lon_Weight => x_Lon_Weight, spml_y_Lat_Weight => v_Lat_Weight
                              ! $ \Delta \varphi $ [rad.] . 
                              ! 緯度座標重み. 
                              ! Weight of latitude
#else
    ! SPMODEL ライブラリ, 球面上の問題を球面調和函数変換により解く(多層対応) 
    ! SPMODEL library, problems on sphere are solved with spherical harmonics (multi layer is supported)
    !
    use wa_module, only: wa_Initial, spml_x_Lon        => x_Lon, spml_y_Lat        => y_Lat, spml_x_Lon_Weight => x_Lon_Weight, spml_y_Lat_Weight => y_Lat_Weight
                              ! $ \Delta \varphi $ [rad.] . 
                              ! 緯度座標重み. 
                              ! Weight of latitude
#endif

    ! 鉛直σレベルデータ準備
    ! Prepare vertical sigma level data
    !
    use sigma_data, only: SigmaDataGetHalf

    ! NAMELIST ファイル入力に関するユーティリティ
    ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input
    !
    use namelist_util, only: namelist_filename, NmlutilMsg, NmlutilAryValid

    ! ファイル入出力補助
    ! File I/O support
    !
    use dc_iounit, only: FileOpen

    ! 種別型パラメタ
    ! Kind type parameter
    !
    use dc_types, only: STDOUT, TOKEN      ! キーワード.   Keywords. 

    ! メッセージ出力
    ! Message output
    !
    use dc_message, only: MessageNotify

    ! 文字列操作
    ! Character handling
    !
    use dc_string, only: CPrintf

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !
    implicit none

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    integer:: i               ! スペクトルの添字番号で回る DO ループ用作業変数
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in subscript of spectral data
    integer:: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction
    real(DP):: Kappa          ! $ \kappa = R / C_p $ .
                              ! 乾燥大気における, 気体定数の定圧比熱に対する比.
                              ! Ratio of gas constant to specific heat in dry air
    integer:: unit_nml        ! NAMELIST ファイルオープン用装置番号. 
                              ! Unit number for NAMELIST file open
    integer:: iostat_nml      ! NAMELIST 読み込み時の IOSTAT. 
                              ! IOSTAT of NAMELIST read

    integer:: IspackOpenmpThreads
                              ! OPENMP での最大スレッド数.
                              ! openmp_threads に 1 より大きな値を指定すれば 
                              ! ISPACK[http://www.gfd-dennou.org/library/ispack/] 
                              ! の球面調和函数変換 OPENMP 並列計算
                              ! ルーチンが用いられる. 並列計算を実行するには,
                              ! 実行時に環境変数 OMP_NUM_THREADS 
                              ! を IspackOpenmpThreads 以下の数字に設定する
                              ! 等のシステムに応じた準備が必要となる.
                              !
                              ! IspackOpenmpThreads に 1 より大きな値を
                              ! 指定しなければ並列計算ルーチンは呼ばれない.

    character(TOKEN):: rank_str
                              ! ランク数. Rank number
#ifdef LIB_MPI
    logical:: initflag_mpi
    integer:: err_mpi
#endif
    integer:: myrank_mpi      ! 総プロセス数. Number of total processes
    integer:: nprocs_mpi      ! 自身のプロセス. Number of my process
    integer:: ra              ! MPI のランク数方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in rank number of MPI direction

    ! NAMELIST 変数群
    ! NAMELIST group name
    !
    namelist /axesset_nml/ Sigma, IspackOpenmpThreads
          !
          ! デフォルト値については初期化手続 "axesset#AxessetInit" 
          ! のソースコードを参照のこと. 
          !
          ! Refer to source codes in the initialization procedure
          ! "axesset#AxessetInit" for the default values. 
          !

    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    if ( axesset_inited ) return
    call InitCheck

    ! 割り付け
    ! Allocation
    !
    allocate( z_Sigma      (1:kmax)   )
    allocate( r_Sigma      (0:kmax)   )
    allocate( z_DelSigma   (1:kmax)   )
    allocate( r_DelSigma   (0:kmax)   )
    allocate( w_Number     (1:(nmax+1)**2) )

    allocate( z_Sigma_wholeMPI (1:kmax)   )
    allocate( r_Sigma_wholeMPI (0:kmax)   )

    ! デフォルト値の設定
    ! Default values settings
    !
    IspackOpenmpThreads = 0

    ! Sigma (半整数レベルσ) の初期値 (無効な値) の設定
    ! Setting of initial value (invalid value) of "Sigma" (half level sigma)
    !
    Sigma = -999.0_DP

    ! NAMELIST の読み込み
    ! NAMELIST is input
    !
    if ( trim(namelist_filename) /= '' ) then
      call FileOpen( unit_nml, namelist_filename, mode = 'r' ) ! (in)

      rewind( unit_nml )
      read( unit_nml, nml = axesset_nml, iostat = iostat_nml ) ! (out)
      close( unit_nml )

      call NmlutilMsg( iostat_nml, module_name ) ! (in)
    end if

    ! Sigma (半整数レベルσ) の自動設定
    ! Automation setting of "Sigma" (half level sigma)
    !
    if ( all( Sigma < 0.0_DP ) ) then
      call SigmaDataGetHalf( Sigma(1:kmax+1) ) ! (out)
    end if

    ! Sigma (半整数レベルσ) チェック
    ! Check "Sigma" (half level sigma)
    !
    call NmlutilAryValid( module_name, Sigma,  'Sigma', kmax+1, 'kmax+1' )               ! (in)

    ! r_Sigma (半整数レベルσ) 設定
    ! Setting of "r_Sigma" (half level sigma)
    !
    r_Sigma(0:kmax) = Sigma(1:kmax+1)
    r_Sigma_wholeMPI(0:kmax) = r_Sigma(0:kmax)

    ! z_DelSigma (整数レベル $ \Delta \sigma $ ) 設定
    ! Setting of "z_DelSigma" (full level $ \Delta \sigma $ )
    !
    do k = 1, kmax
      z_DelSigma(k) = r_Sigma(k-1) - r_Sigma(k)
    enddo

    ! z_Sigma (整数レベルσ) 設定
    ! Setting of "z_Sigma" (full level sigma)
    !
    Kappa = GasRDry / CpDry
    do k = 1, kmax
      z_Sigma(k) = ( (   r_Sigma(k-1) ** ( 1.0_DP + Kappa ) - r_Sigma(k)   ** ( 1.0_DP + Kappa ) ) / ( z_DelSigma(k) * ( 1.0_DP + Kappa ) ) ) ** ( 1.0_DP / Kappa )
    enddo
    z_Sigma_wholeMPI(1:kmax) = z_Sigma(1:kmax)

    ! r_DelSigma (半整数レベル $ \Delta \sigma $ ) 設定
    ! Setting of "r_DelSigma" (half level $ \Delta \sigma $ )
    !
    r_DelSigma(0)    = r_Sigma(0)    - z_Sigma(1)
    r_DelSigma(kmax) = z_Sigma(kmax) - r_Sigma(kmax)
    do k = 1, kmax - 1
      r_DelSigma(k) = z_Sigma(k) - z_Sigma(k+1)
    end do

    ! 緯度経度の設定
    ! Settings of longitude and latitude
    !
    allocate( x_Lon_wholeMPI (0:imax-1) )
    allocate( y_Lat_wholeMPI (1:jmax)   )

    if ( .not. spml_inited ) then
#ifdef LIB_MPI
      call MPI_Initialized(initflag_mpi, err_mpi)
      if ( .not. initflag_mpi ) then
        call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'Initialize MPI by "MPI_Init" before AxessetInit' )
      end if

      call wa_mpi_Initial( nmax, imax, jmax, kmax ) ! (in)
      call GridsetChange( jm = spml_jc ) ! (in)
#else
      if ( IspackOpenmpThreads < 2 ) then
        call wa_Initial( nmax, imax, jmax, kmax ) ! (in)
      else
        call wa_Initial( nmax, imax, jmax, kmax, IspackOpenmpThreads ) ! (in)
      end if
#endif
      spml_inited = .true.
    end if

    allocate( x_Lon        (0:imax-1) )
    allocate( x_Lon_Weight (0:imax-1) )
    allocate( y_Lat        (1:jmax)   )
    allocate( y_Lat_Weight (1:jmax)   )
    x_Lon          = spml_x_Lon
    x_Lon_wholeMPI = spml_x_Lon
    x_Lon_Weight   = spml_x_Lon_Weight
    y_Lat          = spml_y_Lat
    y_Lat_Weight   = spml_y_Lat_Weight

#ifdef LIB_MPI
    y_Lat_wholeMPI = spml_y_Lat_wholeMPI
#else
    y_Lat_wholeMPI = spml_y_Lat
#endif

    ! スペクトルデータの添字番号の設定
    ! Settings of subscript of spectral data
    !
    do i = 1, size(w_Number)
      w_Number(i) = i
    end do

    ! ランクに関する情報の取得
    ! Get information about rank
    !
    myrank_mpi = -1
    nprocs_mpi = 1
#ifdef LIB_MPI
    call MPI_Initialized(initflag_mpi, err_mpi)
    if ( initflag_mpi ) then
      call MPI_Comm_Rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, myrank_mpi, err_mpi)
      rank_str = CPrintf( ' [rank=%06d]', i = (/ myrank_mpi /) )
      call MPI_Comm_Size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, nprocs_mpi, err_mpi)
    else
      rank_str = ''
    end if
#else
    rank_str = ''
#endif


    ! 印字 ; Print
    !
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '----- Initialization Messages -----' )

    do ra = 0, nprocs_mpi - 1

#ifdef LIB_MPI
      if ( initflag_mpi ) call MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD, err_mpi)
      if ( myrank_mpi > -1 .and. ra /= myrank_mpi ) cycle
#endif

      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'Axes:%c', c1 = trim(rank_str), rank_mpi = -1 )
      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  x_Lon(%d:%d) [deg.] = %*f', i = (/ 0, imax - 1/), d = format_print(x_Lon / PI * 180.0_DP, imax), n =(/ imax /), rank_mpi = -1 )
      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  y_Lat(%d:%d) [deg.] = %*f', i = (/ 1, jmax/), d = format_print(y_Lat / PI * 180.0_DP, jmax), n =(/ jmax /), rank_mpi = -1 )
      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  z_Sigma(%d:%d) = %*f', i = (/ 1, kmax /), d = format_print(z_Sigma, kmax), n =(/ kmax /), rank_mpi = -1 )
      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  r_Sigma(%d:%d) = %*f', i = (/ 0, kmax /), d = format_print(r_Sigma, kmax+1), n =(/ kmax+1 /), rank_mpi = -1 )
      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  w_Number(%d:%d) = %d .. %d', i = (/ 1, size(w_Number), 1, size(w_Number) /), rank_mpi = -1 )
  !
      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'Weight:' )
      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  x_Lon_Weight(%d:%d) = %*f', i = (/ 0, imax - 1/), d = format_print(x_Lon_Weight, imax), n =(/ imax /), rank_mpi = -1 )
      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  y_Lat_Weight(%d:%d) = %*f', i = (/ 1, jmax/), d = format_print(y_Lat_Weight, jmax), n =(/ jmax /), rank_mpi = -1 )
      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  z_DelSigma(%d:%d) = %*f', i = (/ 1, kmax /), d = format_print(z_DelSigma, kmax), n =(/ kmax /), rank_mpi = -1 )
      call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '' )
    end do

    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '-- version = %c', c1 = trim(version), rank_mpi = -1 )

    axesset_inited = .true.
  end subroutine AxessetInit

  subroutine InitCheck
    !
    ! 依存モジュールの初期化チェック
    !
    ! Check initialization of dependency modules

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! NAMELIST ファイル入力に関するユーティリティ
    ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input
    !
    use namelist_util, only: namelist_util_inited

    ! 格子点設定
    ! Grid points settings
    !
    use gridset, only: gridset_inited

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: constants_inited

    ! メッセージ出力
    ! Message output
    !
    use dc_message, only: MessageNotify

    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    if ( .not. namelist_util_inited ) call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, '"namelist_util" module is not initialized.' )

    if ( .not. gridset_inited ) call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, '"gridset" module is not initialized.' )

    if ( .not. constants_inited ) call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, '"constants" module is not initialized.' )

  end subroutine InitCheck

  function format_print( ary, size ) result(result)
    !
    ! 標準出力して見やすいように適当に有効数字の桁を落として返す. 
    !
    ! Effective digit is reduced for output to standard output and returned. 
    !

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !
    implicit none
    integer, intent(in):: size
    real(DP), intent(in):: ary(size)
    real(DP):: result(size)
  
    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !
    result(1:size) = int( ary(1:size) * 1000.0_DP ) / 1000.0_DP
    
  end function format_print